Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell isolated from the blood or bone marrow that can renew itself and can differentiate to a variety of specialized cells. It have the capacity to  mobilize out of the bone marrow into circulating blood and can undergo programmed cell death which  called as Apoptosis. Apoptosis is a process by which cells that are detrimental or unneeded self-destruct. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, the self-renewing progenitor cells that develop from the mesodermal hemangioblast cells. All differentiated blood cells from the lymphoid and myeloid lineages arise from HSCs. HSCs can be found in adult bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood. There are 2 populations of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Long Term and Short Term. Long term HSCs are capable of self-renewal, while short term HSCs do not have this capacity. Short term HSCs, also called progenitor or precursor cells, can differentiate into all types of blood cells, which can be characterized by specific markers. Stem cell transplant process is to allow administration of higher chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy doses to kill cancerous cells. Although these anticancer treatments are among the most effective available, they do not have a precise aim and can destroy normal cells as well. Hematopoietic stem cells in adult bone marrow self-proliferate and differentiate into erythroid, lymphoid (B cells and T cells) and myeloid lineages (granulocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages).

  • Foetal Hematopoietic System
  • Bone Marrow
  • Peripheral Blood
  • Embryonic Stem Cells and Embryonic Germ Cells

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