37^th International Conference on Immunology & Immunogenetics March 21-22, 2022 Brussels, Belgium

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases. It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with HIV, most commonly during unprotected sex (sex without a condom or HIV medicine to prevent or treat HIV), or through sharing injection drug equipment.

Virology is considered to be a subfield of microbiology that deals with viruses and viral diseases. Infectious diseases are mainly caused by micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites, pathogens. Some of these organisms cause diseases. These infections are mainly caused by germs. we can get infected by touching, eating, drinking or breathing something. Some of the diseases like measles and chickenpox can also be prevented by vaccines. Hand washing is also a used to prevent infectious diseases.

1. 
   Haepatology and nutrition


2. 
   Sexually transmitted virus


3. 
   Swine fever virus


4. 
   Emerging infectious diseases

The process in which biotechnology is used in converting viruses into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses to treat diseases. There are three main branches of Virotherapy : anti-cancer oncotic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy.

Communicable diseases are spread from person to person or through animals .these can be spread through air and transfer from blood or other body fluids like malaria, HIV/AIDS. Non-communicable diseases are chronic diseases like heart diseases, cancerand diabetes.

1. 
   Cancer


2. 
   Diabetes


3. 
   Osteoporosis


4. 
   Fibromyalgia


5. 
   Heart Disease


6. 
   Shigellosis

Clinical approaches like imaging methods such as computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and X-rays reveals condition of the infection. Immunological approach of testing antibody using blood sample and other body fluids of infected person are performed.

1. 
   Clinical mode of diagnosis


2. 
   Immunodiagnosis


3. 
   Molecular techniques

Infectious diseases are mainly caused by micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungior parasites, pathogens. Some of these organisms cause diseases. Than any other cause infectious diseases kill more people throughout the world. These infections are mainly caused by germs .we can get infected by touching, eating, drinking or breathing something. Some of the diseases like measlesand chickenpox can also be prevented by vaccines. Hand washing is also a used to prevent infectious diseases.

immune disorder is also known as dysfunction of the immune system and these are characterized in several different ways.

• By the affected component(s) of the immune system

• By overactive or underactive Immune system

• By congenital or acquired conditions

1. 
   Rheumatoid Arthritis


2. 
   Inflammatory Bowel Disease


3. 
   Multiple Sclerosis


4. 
   Diabetes Mellitus


5. 
   Guillain-Barre Syndrome


6. 
   Psoriasis


7. 
   Myasthenia gravis


8. 
   Vasculitis

Considering the case of neonates and children where the immune system is not fully functional at birth and still developing later on, the chances of them being susceptible to infections and pathogensis high and response to vaccines is not that effective compared to adults. This could later lead to development of allergy, asthma or other immune disordershence the care and prevention methods employed is discussed under Neonatal Immunology and Paediatric immunology.

1. 
   Fetal & Neonatal Immunology


2. 
   Pediatric Allergy


3. 
   Outdoor & Indoor Allergens


4. 
   Pediatric Asthma and Rhinitis


5. 
   Vaccination effectiveness

The branch of Developmental Immunology consists of two independent research groups. The immune system develops from hematopoietic precursor cells in the bone marrow. These precursors go through rounds of cell division and differentiation to give rise to the various different lymphoid and non-lymphoid lineages that go to make up the innate and adaptive immune systems.

Nutritional metabolomics is using chemical profiling of tiny molecules to support the assimilation of nutrition and diet in complex bio-systems research. Nutrigenomics is a branch of nutritional genomics which deals with the effects of foods and food constituents on gene expression. Foodomics derived from the digestion and biotransformation of foods and their constituents during which MS techniques are considered indispensable.

1. 
   Nutrient-gene interactions in the immune system


2. 
   Nutrition and immune cell signaling


3. 
   Nutrition, immunity and chronic age-related diseases


4. 
   White-brown adipocyte plasticity and inflammation


5. 
   Immune profiling in metabolic diseases


6. 
   Obesity, inflammation and immunity


7. 
   Nutrition-inflammation interactions


8. 
   Nutritional immunology old challenges & new approaches

Coronaviruses are an outsized family of viruses that can cause illness in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections starting from the cold to more severe diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS). The foremost recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19.

Innate Immunity is defined as an immunitypossessed by a group of species or race which is present in an individual at birth prior to exposure to a pathogen or antigen and that includes components such as intact skin, salivary enzymes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and complement which provide an initial response against infection.

1. 
   Anatomical Barriers lupus


2. 
   Inflammation


3. 
   Neural Regulation


4. 
   Immune Evasion


5. 
   Pathogen-specificity

Immunization is an advanced process which triggers the body's immune system to fight against infectious diseases, by the administration of a vaccine. The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Herd immunity can be when a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated.

 Immunogenetics is a branch of immunology concerned with the interrelations of heredity, disease, and the immune system and its components.

1. 
   Genetic Research


2. 
   Vasculitis and Autoimmune Disease


3. 
   The Immunogenetics of Neurological Disease


4. 
   Bone involvement in Monogenic Auto-inflammatory Syndromes


5. 
   Immunoglobulin Genotypes and Cognitive functions


6. 
   Mechanisms behind TB, HBV, and HIV Chronic infections


7. 
   Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics             


8. 
   Chronic Inflammation

Immunodermatology studies skin as an organ of immunity in health and diseases. Several areas like Photo-immunology (effects of UV light on skin defense), inflammatory diseaseslike Hidradenitis suppurativa, allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema, presumably autoimmune diseases like vtiligo and psoriasis and finally the immunology of microbial skin diseases such as retrovirus infection and leprosy.

Branch of immunology that deals especially with the interrelationships of the nervous system and immune responses and autoimmune disorders (as multiple sclerosis) is known as NeuroImmunology.

1. 
   Neuro-immune interaction


2. 
   Epilepsy


3. 
   Autoimmune neuropathies


4. 
   Neuro-immunological infectious diseases


5. 
   Maternal cytokines in neurodevelopmental disorders


6. 
   Neurodegenerative diseases


7. 
   Neuro-virology


8. 
   Blood brain barrier and diseases

The study of the immune response that occurs when an organ or tissue is moved (grafted) from one individual to another is known as Transplant Immunology.

1. 
   Immunosuppressive agents: Current trends


2. 
   Tolerance induction


3. 
   Xenotransplantation


4. 
   Islet cell transplantation             


5. 
   Immunocell therapy


6. 
   Anti-donor antibodies and current research

The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues or MALT provides the organism with an important line of defense.

1. 
   Gut-associated lymphoid tissue


2. 
   Mucosal Vaccination


3. 
   Mucosal Immunology of HIV Infection


4. 
   Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

The branch of biology concerned with the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer is known as Tumor Immunology. The most well-known application is Cancer Immune therapy whereas the immune system is used to treat cancer. It also is suggested that immunosurveillance primarily functions as a component of a more general process of cancer immunoediting.

Molecular Immunology manages the comprehension of the resistant fame work and how it capacities to shield us from pathogens, similar to microscopic organisms and infections, while in the meantime regarding the innocuous or valuable microorganisms in our conditions. Different systems utilized in Molecular Immunology Antibodies counteracting agent utilize Elisa, Nephelometry and Radioimmunology.

1. 
   Immune signal transduction


2. 
   Immune calcium signals               


3. 
   Immune quality control


4. 
   Immune protein folding               


5. 
   Immunological secretion


6. 
   Immune endocytosis


7. 
   Immune cell motility


8. 
   Immune ion channels


9. 
   Cell stress response


10. 
    Immune cell metabolism

Systems biology is the study of biological systems at a cellular, molecular and organism level, as an integrated and interacting network of genes, proteins and biochemical reactions which give rise to life. It can be used to systematically at all levels, from molecules to entire systems and its integration into quantitative models to gain knowledge in order to make accurate simulation of biological processes possible. The technologies such as genomics, bioinformatics, proteomics, mathematical and computational models are used for predicting dynamical behaviour and quantitative measurements of the behaviour.

Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves other diseases, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features.

1. 
   Immunological aspects of endocrine diseases                  


2. 
   Immunological techniques                       


3. 
   Immunological aspects of cardiac diseases                         


4. 
   Immune regulation


5. 
   Immunological aspects of allergy and anaphylaxis


6. 
   Immunology of HIV infections


7. 
   Immunological aspects of renal diseases             


8. 
   Immune-mediated neurological syndromes

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. Most sexually active women and men will be infected at some point in their lives and some may be repeatedly infected. The peak time for acquiring infection for both women and men is shortly after becoming sexually active. HPV is sexually transmitted, but penetrative sex is not required for transmission. Skin-to-skin genital contact is a well-recognized mode of transmission.